https://doi.org/10.37955/cs.v8i1.339
Received May 09, 2023/ Approved July, 12, 2023 Pages 90-111
eISSN: 2600-5743
Digital marketing for brand
positioning of a medical dispensary
in Guayaquil
Marketing digital para posicionamiento de marca de un
dispensario médico en Guayaquil
Alex Rodolfo Bravo Carraso
Universidad de Guayaquil
Alex.bravoc@ug.edu.ec
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-042X
Succety Irene Cruz Ronquillo
Universidad de Guayaquil
Succcety.cruzr@ug.edu.ec
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-90641-2116
Kleber Félix Vergara Morán
Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil
Kleber.vergara@ucsg.edu.ec
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9338-0449
ABSTRACT
The problem suffered by medical dispensaries is the lack of advertising
in digital media, because the owners do not know the proper
management of new digital tools, such as digital marketing, which is
why they do not have a brand positioning in the minds of customers.
Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze digital marketing
for brand positioning of a medical dispensary in guayaquil sur, 2023.
The research design was qualitative, descriptive and the sample
consisted of 40 customers of a medical clinic, by searching for
information in different search engines such as Google academic, E
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library, Redalyc, RefSeek, among others. The study concluded that
there is a positive relationship between visual merchandising and
purchasing behavior of a restaurant chain, where the greater the
increase in visual merchandising, the greater the increase in
purchasing behavior; If the company applies this tool correctly, it will
allow to improve or increase the purchasing behavior of customers,
obtaining greater results and benefits for the company, by influencing
customers through their habits, group of friends and social behavior
that allows you to increase your product sales, also if it will be
implemented, customers will feel that these products are in line with
their social environment, and that gives prestige, as it will influence
their purchase decision thanks to the products and the good quality of
care provided by the employees of the establishment.
RESUMEN
La problemática que sufren los dispensarios médicos es la falta de
publicidad en los medios digitales, debido a que los propietarios no
conocen el manejo adecuado de las nuevas herramientas digitales,
como es el marketing digital, por el cual no tienen un posicionamiento
de marca en la mente de los clientes. Por consiguiente, el objetivo del
estudio fue analizar el marketing digital para posicionamiento de
marca de un dispensario médico en guayaquil sur, 2023. El diseño de
la investigación fue cualitativo, descriptivo y la muestra estuvo
constituida por 40 clientes de un dispensario médico, mediante la
buscada de información en los diferentes buscadores como es Google
académico, E library, Redalyc, RefSeek, entre otros. El cual llegó a
concluir que existe una relación positiva entre el merchandesing visual
y comportamiento de compra de una cadena de restaurantes, donde a
mayor incremento de merchandesing visual, mayor será el incremento
del comportamiento de compras; si la empresa aplica correctamente
está herramienta, va permitir mejorar o incrementar el
comportamiento de compra de los clientes, obteniendo mayores
resultados y beneficios para la empresa, mediante la influencia en los
clientes mediante sus costumbres, grupo de amistades y el
comportamiento social que le permita aumentar sus ventas de
productos, asimismo si llegará a implementar, los clientes sintieran
que dichos productos van de acorde a su entorno social, y que le brinda
prestigio, ya que influyera en su decisión de compra gracias a los
productos y la buena calidad de atención brindada por los
colaboradores del establecimiento.
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Keywords / Palabras clave
Buying behavior, visual merchandising, factors.
Comportamiento de compra, merchandesing visual, factores.
Introduction
The article to be developed is entitled "Digital marketing for brand
positioning of a medical clinic in Guayaquil Sur, 2023".
Today, all over the world, medical dispensaries, according to
Pilamunga (2020) can do a lot through an ICT-based procedure. It
should be noted that digital techniques offer locations and guidance
on how to use the medium. On the other hand, Arias and Sepulveda
(2020) affirms that the techniques make it possible to carry out a
modification of the data in terms of market intelligence, both of the
buyer and of the companies. Therefore, the use of social networks to
develop advertising allows information and relationships between
people to form elemental factors (Ponce et al., 2020).
Therefore, digital marketing has become one of the most significant
elements in entities. This is because there are currently a large number
of individuals who employ the network on a daily basis. The digital
business tools used in digital marketing maintain a very close
connection with the position of companies. Consequently, Requejo
(2022) indicates that, entities need to take unlimited advantage of the
instruments that the online environment provides them, in order to
achieve implementations of the set of digital marketing strategies that
support the achievement of their objectives. On the other hand, Ridge
(2023) expresses that synthetic intelligence plays an even more
prominent role in digital marketing. This technological advancement
can collaborate with entities to adapt and automate their connections
with consumers, thus optimizing the effectiveness and efficiency of
advertising strategies.
Consequently, 48% of medical dispensaries have attracting new
customers as their primary purpose. The manifestation of a genuine
interest in expanding connections with newly acquired users and
consolidating position among unexplored audiences is of paramount
importance. For this reason, the application of advanced technologies
such as enhanced analytics and artificial intelligence plays an essential
role in effectively automating processes, making accurate decisions,
and gaining an in-depth understanding of customer requirements
(Yano et al., 2023).. The expansion of digitization has been a
guaranteed strategy to decrease expenses, elevate the organization's
position and boost the profitability of companies in Latin America.
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According to statistics provided by the Statista portal, during the year
2021, about eleven million dollars were invested for digital marketing.
It is anticipated that by 2024, this figure will exceed fifteen
million.(Ayón et al., 2021)..
According to the author, Mantari (2022) executed a study about brand
positioning and digital marketing in a pharmacy, which concluded
that there is a close relationship between both variables. This means
that online marketing is crucial to obtain a good position, potentiating
the positioning in the market.
Chango (2021) executed an analysis on brand positioning and digital
marketing in an organization, which determined that digital
marketing lacks many things, which is too worrying because it does
not have a well-established approach and there is no interest in
knowing the problems of the population, thus causing the results to
have negative levels. The marketing strategies only have an organic
origin without using the various forms of payment that has a high
reach in a short time, in addition to a correct structuring, development
and distribution of data and special content for each buyer.
Miranda (2020) in his study on digital marketing techniques and the
relationship that exists with the brand positioning of a medical office,
thus specifying that there is no relationship given that the value of the
hypothesis significance level achieved a value of 0.39, which is higher
than what is demanded. In addition, the degree of the digital
marketing instruments variable is regular-low, due to the fact that the
average value of the surveys carried out, 83% of the answers are at a
regular level; being the dimension with the highest score in customer
loyalty.
Coello (2019) developed a study on digital marketing tools to improve
the brand positioning of a clinic, observed that there is between the
latter, the use of digital marketing strategies with the positioning of
the clinic, concluding that the strategies of the factor being discussed
have a good and really important impact on positioning.
In Ecuador, it is clearly perceptible that the execution of digital
marketing is not carried out in an adequate manner, mainly due to the
lack of understanding of the potential of this tool. In certain cases, its
application is carried out in an ethically questionable manner,
generating as a consequence the provision of advertising services that
do not properly match the offer. This triggers poor professional
development and, ultimately, has an unfavorable impact on the quality
of advertising (Arevalo, 2022). Therefore, the central drawback in this
sector lies in the inappropriate use of digital marketing, which
prevents constant progress due to ignorance of the functions of some
elementary resources. Thus, all this is reflected in a poor performance
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in promotion, since services are offered without considering the
quality provided to the client, generating a direct loss of clientele. It is
of utmost importance to use advertising in an effective way, as well as
to take advantage of the professional's skills. (Bravo, 2022).
In Ecuador, according to Velasco and Cevallos (2023) state that there
are about 300 digital marketing agencies, of which 65% are located in
the capital and the remaining percentage can be identified in cities
such as Guayaquil, Cuenca, among others. As for the money allocated
for promotion through networks and platforms, 72% of Ecuadorian
entities invest resources in this area, i.e., there is a growing request for
services provided by agencies specialized in digital communication.
According to Siguenza et al. (2020) digital advertising is crucial in the
entities, since it is an opportunity for corporate expansion and
constitutes a significant tactic to optimize resources and meet the
preferences of buyers in relation to the technological currents of the
present market.
According to Arroyo and Lemoine (2023) digital marketing boils down
to merging conventional promotional tactics into the virtual
environment, and its urgency is most notable due to emerging trends
in society. With the constant amplification of the use of social
networking platforms and other online media, companies must
develop a digital communication and visibility approach while
establishing alternative sales channels. Reaching regular consumers
and expanding the audience to new customers is essential. In this
regard, Chang and Uzcátegui (2023) it is imperative that the actions
executed by digital marketing are aligned with the goals of the
organization, meticulously following the analysis of the technological
environment, the business landscape, the established objectives, the
target audience, among other factors. In this way, profits will be
significantly optimized.
At the present juncture, there is a deficiency in the disclosure and
promotion of the services offered. In other words, it is recognized the
lack of establishment in the market, attributable to the fact that the
company is recent and emerged in the midst of the general restriction.
This scenario reveals the lack of digital marketing strategies that would
enable it to stand out from other private medical centers, contributing
in a certain way to the low influx of people seeking the services it
provides.
Due to this, we seek to analyze the digital marketing for brand
positioning of a medical clinic in guayaquil sur, 2023.
Digital marketing
Digital marketing can be characterized as the execution of promotional
tactics in digital, interactive, focused and measurable environments. It
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is carried out through the use of digital technologies with the purpose
of attracting and converting potential customers into buyers. It is
important to note that this type of digital marketing encompasses
systematic processes that use the previously mentioned tools through
the network, a medium that since its emergence has revolutionized
communication channels and has driven business sectors to evolve in
their strategies to stand out in the commercial arena (Schnarch, 2019).
Over the years, digital marketing has brought positive results to any
organization that employs it. Kotler (2011) state. "Digital marketing
represents a social and managerial function by which both individuals
and entities satisfy their requirements and desires through creation
and exchange" p.5. This interpretation not only characterizes the
concept of digital marketing as the means to generate profits, but also
encompasses aspects related to satisfying specific buyer needs. In
essence, it involves the process of getting to know and thoroughly
understand customer requirements.
a. Digital marketing dimension
According to Krentzel (2019) this theory appears as a new and updated
form of the four P theory induced by Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong
in the book "Fundamentals of Marketing", This formulation acted as
the foundation of the set of marketing tactics, paving the way to the
current stage called the four F cycle or the four fundamentals of online
marketing, detailed by Paul Fleming in his book "Let's talk about
interactive marketing" published in 2000. Fleming's four F's cycle:
Flow: The text addresses the figure of a proactive consumer,
exploring the network in search of various elements such as
information, entertainment and social connections, all
simultaneously. In this context, the brand's digital platforms, focused
on its website, now actively incorporate social networks. Its objective
is to meet the information demands of customers, generating
attractive and viral content with added value.
Functionality: It must be instinctive and simple for the user. This
avoids their possible desertion due to confusion. Once it captures their
attention, it is essential to understand what elements attract the
consumer on the brand's digital platforms. It is crucial to know and
evaluate which content has a higher rate of usefulness and use the data
collected to develop digital strategies.
Feedback: Active engagement with the web surfer is required in
order to establish a meaningful connection. The way you are perceived
and the resulting reputation are crucial elements in building trust and
achieving two-way communication. To achieve this purpose, it is
essential to be humble, authentic, transparent and sincere. Ultimately,
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it is about engaging in a dialogue with the customer, understanding
them thoroughly and building a relationship based on their needs.
Loyalty: Building sets of users who contribute fresh information,
establishing personalized conversations with buyers, will generate
greater customer loyalty. After sustaining this dialogue with the
customer, there is a greater likelihood that they will become loyal to
the brand, simply because they have demonstrated a genuine interest
in their requirements.
b. Elements of digital marketing
Cibrián (2018) highlights the relevance that the network has acquired
in society, which makes reconsider the position that online marketing
occupies in the trajectory of brands, given that, to a large extent, the
triumph in today's world lies in the creation of a solid digital presence
on the Internet. The absence of a digital marketing tactic could be
detrimental to brand visibility, customer attraction and potential
revenue enhancement.
Content Marketing: It stands as the primary catalyst of an online
marketing tactic, constituting the ideal way to present your visitors
with innovative and attractive material. This leads to an increase in
interaction and the number of visits to your website.
Search (Positioning): It is imperative to position your platform to
those who could become your future consumers, as well as those who
already are. The key is to optimize it properly to assist search engines
in identifying the content of the page and how it links to what the
customer is inquiring about.
Social Media Marketing: It becomes a highly effective resource to
disseminate information and distribute material about your products
and services. You have the ability to use various social media
platforms, which you will choose previously, considering the
characteristics of the ideal customer profile.
Mobile considerations: According to Google's Neil Mohan, 90% of
most shopper interactions are initiated on one device and concluded
on another, and given the pivotal role of mobile devices in today's
digital environment, this aspect is essential.
E-mail marketing: Only between 1% and 3% of those who browse a
website make the determination to purchase a product or service from
their first visit. Now, keep in mind aspect 4 regarding mobile
considerations: this implies that most of your emails will be opened on
mobile devices. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that all your email
marketing initiatives are adapted for viewing on mobile devices.
Brand positioning
According to Shum (2019) brand building and brand image involve
consumers' perception of a brand's unique benefits compared to
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others, for the purpose of persuasion. The practice of positioning
allows companies offering products or services to forge a positive
perception in the minds of consumers. This perception is built through
effective communication, which must convey a clear, relevant message
and provide benefits that stand out from the competition. In this way,
an emotional connection is established with consumers when selecting
a brand. Similarly, the positioning of a product is established
according to how consumers describe it in terms of essential
attributes. These are the positions that products occupy in consumers'
perception compared to other competing products. This implies that
positioning is a crucial factor in achieving attention, retention and
acquisition of new potential customers for a brand offering services or
products.
c. Brand positioning dimensions
Fernandez (2019) defines positioning is not about what you can do
with a product, but how you can present it in the mind of a potential
customer. It is not manipulating the product itself, but creating a
perspective of value in the customer's mind. This perspective becomes
a high-impact strategy to generate positive perceptions that influence
the customer's decision to purchase a service.
Image: What is outlined here highlights the importance of how
customers perceive a brand or product. This perception is built on the
post-activity satisfaction of the company or product, being an essential
component to achieve customer loyalty and address future needs.
Transformation involves the creation of a distinctive institutional
image, marked by unique skills and characteristics that differentiate
the brand from other companies.
The product: Brands can stand out through the characteristics of
their products, generating interest in the commercial environment
that arouses consideration and desire to buy. This process creates a
positive valuation or, alternatively, a perception of scarcity. In
addition, the relationship between the product and its positioning is
linked to consumer perception, based on certain characteristics of the
company.
Staff: Workers can gain a competitive advantage over the competition
by receiving more advanced training; this will contribute to improving
the presence and refinement of the institution, thus facilitating the
optimization of relations between organizations and clients.
Institutions can assess that the staff joining the company has the
required skills and the essential elegance in terms of quality.
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Service: Emerging customer demands require companies to adjust
their approaches and resources, addressing both positioning and
marketing strategies. These adaptations are aimed at avoiding
obsolescence and raising the quality of the services provided. In this
sense, various options are explored, both inside and outside the
company, with the purpose of driving sustainable development in the
entity.
d. Types of brand positioning
Maza et al. (2020) suggest tactics used to establish an entity's presence
in the market, which can be characterized as positioning categories:
Positioning based on product features: Companies build their
brand image by highlighting the qualities and features of their
products. This positioning approach arises when competitors overlook
certain attributes of a product that could capture the consumer's
attention, and the company takes advantage of this gap to strengthen
its brand by focusing on a single aspect and consolidating it in the
buyer's perception.
Positioning based on Price/Quality: Several companies
configure their brand image by considering the price, value and
excellence of their products or, alternatively, by analyzing the
correlation between cost and the diversity of attributes and advantages
of their products.
Positioning with respect to use: Brand positioning arises from the
connection between a company's product or service and its specific
utility or application. For example, Sporade launched a soft drink
designed for athletes and their hydration. This approach allows brand
positioning by targeting a defined market niche, where the product
stands out for its essential utility in a specific activity.
User-oriented positioning: In this exceptional strategy, the focus
is on the specific audience or a particular group, by linking it to a
famous personality that generates an emotional connection with the
user. For example, brands such as Adidas or Nike use well-known
soccer players in their campaigns, suggesting the imperative need to
purchase their products and showing how the consumer would
visualize himself using it.
Lifestyle positioning: This type of positioning is manifested in the
different social strata worldwide, considering the purchasing power of
each individual. Internationally renowned brands occupy a space in
the global consumer consciousness, being accessible only to those with
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a luxurious lifestyle, ranging from the most modest to the highest
economic level.
Positioning in relation to the competition: This positioning
approach is broken down into two strategies. First, proximity to
established competition facilitates consumer recognition by offering
similar products. Secondly, customer perception is focused on
comparing and discussing products, with the aim of standing out and
gaining a clear competitive advantage over competitors' offerings.
Positioning through the name: The importance of the name
stands out as an essential factor in a brand positioning strategy. It
achieves its position when consumers identify the product not by its
generic name, but by the brand name. This phenomenon reflects the
consolidation of the brand in the consumer's mind, where the
association between the brand and the product is so strong that the
brand name is preferred to the generic term.
Materials and Methods
This study is classified as non-experimental, since it does not involve
the manipulation of the study variables, but rather an analysis in their
natural environment. It adopts a mixed research approach, where
quantitative and qualitative methods are combined in the same phase
of the research process." (Fernandez, 2020). The methodology applied
is cross-sectional descriptive, which is responsible for observing and
describing a phenomenon, Nolazco and Carhuancho (2019).
Descriptive studies aim to delineate in detail the properties,
characteristics and profiles of individuals, groups, communities,
processes, objects or other phenomena subject to analysis. This study
adopted a descriptive-explanatory approach, exploring various
theories related to the variables of interest. The methodology
employed follows a cross-sectional approach, dedicated to observing
and describing a phenomenon in a single time period. In this context,
the historical-logical method was applied, which examines theories,
laws and the development of phenomena chronologically to support
the study. In addition, use was made of the analytical-synthetic
method, according to:Leiva (2019) alludes to the conjunction of two
opposing mental procedures that collaborate harmoniously:
dissection and amalgamation.
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a. Participants
Olvera (2018) indicates that the population comprises all the
elements or entities under study. Regarding the set of individuals
under investigation, 40 customers who access the company on a daily
basis were counted, obtained from a database generated by the entity
under analysis.
Sanchez et al. (2018) point out that a statistical sample represents a
specific portion of the total population. In this context, for the
particular study, by adopting a quantitative approach, the sample
consists of 40 clients who access the entity on a daily basis.
b. Data collection technique and instrument
The survey technique was employed, Domínguez and Martínez (2018)
state that the survey is composed of a variety of questions strategically
designed to collect information from individuals. To carry out this
process, a meticulously structured questionnaire comprising surveys
was implemented. The first focused specifically on the digital
marketing variable, with the formulation of specific questions.
Similarly, the second questionnaire was oriented towards brand
positioning.
c. Data processing method
In order to carry out the analysis under development, authorization
was obtained from the health care entity to conduct a survey aimed at
the specific number of individuals established in the sample.
Therefore, the data analysis procedure focused on the collection,
transformation and modeling of data to unravel valuable information
that would positively support the hypothesis proposed.(Nolazco and
Carhuancho, 2019)..
The purpose of data analysis is to acquire and classify crucial
information, represent values by means of tables, interpret them and
validate hypotheses, in order to achieve reliable and robust results.
(Santiesteban, 2017). After gathering all the essential data through
various tools and resources, they were subjected to processing in SPSS
Version 27 software. The results were organized and presented
numerically and percentage-wise through statistical tables, analyzing
the behavior of the variables. Then, inferential statistics were carried
out, using crucial hypothesis tests, such as Spearman's, to verify the
statistical significance of the results.
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d. Consent
This study was carried out with the primary objective of contributing
to the academic field and not with the intention of undermining the
good image of the company. According to the University Council
Resolution No. 281-2022-VI-UCV, (2022) The fundamental ethical
foundations in research at Universidad Cesar Vallejo focus on: respect
for others with the purpose of promoting well-being; justice, honesty
and the rigorous application of scientific methodology, using
bibliographic citations and references according to APA regulations in
an appropriate manner. In addition, the research work was carried out
with responsibility.
Results
Table 1. Correlation of the variables digital marketing and brand
positioning.
Digital
marketing
Brand
positioning
Digital
marketing
Correlation
coefficient
1,000
,886
**
Sig. (bilateral)
.
,000
N
40
40
Brand
positioning
Correlation
coefficient
,886
**
1,000
Sig. (bilateral)
,000
.
N
40
40
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (bilateral).
The results of the table indicate the correlation analysis shows that
digital marketing is significantly related (Sig.<0.05) with brand
positioning, since it has a significance level of 0.000; and with respect
to the correlation coefficient it has ,886**; therefore, the research has
high positive correlation. This result provides sufficient certainty to
accept the research hypothesis.
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Table 2. Correlation of of digital marketing dimensions and brand
positioning.
Flow
Brand
positioning
Spearman
's Rho
Flow
Correlation coefficient
1,000
,843
**
Sig. (bilateral)
.
,000
N
40
40
Brand
positioning
Correlation coefficient
,843
**
1,000
Sig. (bilateral)
,000
.
N
40
40
Functionality
Spearman
's Rho
Functionality
Correlation
coefficient
1,000
,875
**
Sig. (bilateral)
.
,000
N
40
40
Brand
positioning
Correlation
coefficient
,875
**
1,000
Sig. (bilateral)
,000
.
N
40
40
Feedback
Spearman
's Rho
Feedback
Correlation
coefficient
1,000
,887
**
Sig. (bilateral)
.
,000
N
40
40
Brand
positioning
Correlation
coefficient
,887
**
1,000
Sig. (bilateral)
,000
.
N
40
40
Loyalty
Brand
positioning
Spearma
n's Rho
Loyalty
Correlation
coefficient
1,000
,852
**
Sig. (bilateral)
.
,000
N
40
40
Brand
positioning
Correlation
coefficient
,852
**
1,000
Sig. (bilateral)
,000
.
N
40
40
The results of the correlation analysis show that the flow dimension is
significantly related (Sig.<0.05) with brand positioning, since it has a
significance level of 0.000; and with respect to the correlation
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coefficient it has ,843**; therefore, the research has a high positive
correlation. This result provides sufficient certainty to accept the
research hypothesis. Likewise, the correlation analysis shows that the
functionality dimension is significantly related (Sig.<0.05) with brand
positioning, since it has a significance level of 0.000; and with respect
to the correlation coefficient it has ,875**; therefore, the research has
a high positive correlation. This result provides sufficient certainty to
accept the research hypothesis. In addition, the correlation analysis
shows that the feedback dimension is significantly (Sig.<0.05) related
to brand positioning, since it has a significance level of 0.000; and the
correlation coefficient is .887**; therefore, the research has a high
positive correlation. This result provides sufficient certainty to accept
the research hypothesis. And the correlation analysis shows that the
loyalty dimension is significantly related (Sig.<0.05) with brand
positioning, since it has a significance level of 0.000; and with respect
to the correlation coefficient it has ,852**; therefore, the research has
high positive correlation. This result provides sufficient certainty to
accept the research hypothesis.
Regarding the correlation analysis shows that digital marketing is
significantly related (Sig.<0.05) with brand positioning, since it has a
significance level of 0.000; and regarding the correlation coefficient it
has ,886**; therefore, the research has high positive correlation. This
result provides sufficient certainty to accept the research hypothesis.
The positive sign of the correlation indicates that the improvement of
digital marketing brings as a consequence an improvement in brand
positioning. Therefore, these results are related to the results of the
work of Mantari (2022) which concluded that there is a close
relationship between the digital marketing variable and brand
positioning, however in the statistical part it has no relationship, since
it is supported by a Spearman's Rho coefficient of 0.391; and a p-value
of 0.000. Furthermore, it is related to the results of the thesis of Coello
(2019) concluding that the strategies of the factor being discussed have
a good and really important impact on positioning, since it is positively
related.
Likewise, Bricio et al. (2018) indicates that online marketing,
corresponds to a very dynamic model within the group of marketing
activities of companies, which use telematic communication systems
to achieve a beneficial result, which is demonstrated that digital
marketing has a direct relationship with brand positioning. In the
same way Kotler (2011) says that online marketing has tools that make
possible the creation of a lasting and stable relationship between
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consumer and organization. For this reason, some keys are given:
digital marketing as a marketing system, is oriented to find markets,
in studying the demands of the target market. On the other hand,
digital marketing helps to create a communication system with which
you can make an efficient and effective approach to consumers. These
results are completely related to the brand positioning that a company
must provide. While for Shum (2019) mentions that positioning on
various occasions is misunderstood. Some confuse it with the level of
awareness, others with market share, and also with an excellent brand
image. Positioning used to be known as a communication concept par
excellence. Currently, it is defined as a strategy that contributes to the
creation of competitive advantages, as some authors say, it is a concept
that comes from marketing and moves to marketing communications,
including advertising, to achieve a good position, and is being directly
related to digital marketing.
In addition, the correlation analysis shows that the flow dimension is
significantly related (Sig.<0.05) with brand positioning, since it has a
significance level of 0.000; and with respect to the correlation
coefficient it has ,843**; therefore, the research has high positive
correlation. This result provides sufficient certainty to accept the
research hypothesis. The positive sign of the correlation indicates that
the improvement of the flow dimension brings as a consequence an
improvement in brand positioning. Thus, these results share the same
opinion with the results obtained in the thesis by Agualongo (2021)
concluding that online marketing offers, since it makes possible the
interaction in real time in an adequate way with the user, showing him
the diversity of services offered by the laboratory, and the flow
dimension is significantly related to the brand positioning offered by
the company. In the same way, the results are directly related to the
results of the thesis by Lliquin (2020) affirms that the results of the
analysis, fixed that it is of vital importance the use of networks and
digital media for an effective introduction and permanence of the
mentioned organization and the diversity of goods they provide today,
and that the digital marketing flow is positively related to brand
positioning. Therefore, the flow of digital marketing is positively
relating to brand positioning. And on the contrary, it contrasts with
the book by. Mariscal (2018) mentions that it is a section of the web
that provides the customer with multiple options for interaction and
proper navigation that generates their satisfaction. In addition, it is the
added value that a website gives to the buyer to capture their attention,
and that does not help brand positioning.
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Likewise, the correlation analysis shows that the functionality
dimension is significantly related (Sig.<0.05) with brand positioning,
since it has a significance level of 0.000; and with respect to the
correlation coefficient it has ,875**; therefore, the research has a high
positive correlation. This result provides sufficient certainty to accept
the research hypothesis. The positive sign of the correlation indicates
that the improvement of the functionality dimension brings as a
consequence an improvement in brand positioning. The positive sign
of the correlation indicates that the improvement of the functionality
dimension brings about an improvement in brand positioning. Chango
(2021) which determined that digital marketing lacks many things,
which is too worrying because it does not have a well-established
approach and there is no interest in knowing the problems of the
population, thus causing the results to have negative levels and that
the functionality is positively related to brand positioning. In the same
way it will be related to the results of the thesis by Gutiérrez and Pérez
(2021) with which he deduced that the tactics to market digitally are
essential and have a positive impact, especially in the current context
where the position of the medical center has been developing due to
the increase of visits, interactions, among other actions that integrate
the target market of this entity, through the good correlation that has
between functionality and brand positioning for the growth of the
company. On the other hand, the author Guevara (2020) states that
navigation must be efficient and fast for the customer; thus achieving
their interest to ensure their permanence. And it deals with how the
customer navigates within the platform, which must be efficient. Also,
it is necessary that the network is able to persuade the individual, and
thus achieve their loyalty for the benefit of the organization, which is
demonstrated that functionality is related to brand positioning.
Also, the correlation analysis shows that the feedback dimension is
significantly related (Sig.<0.05) with brand positioning, since it has a
significance level of 0.000; and the correlation coefficient is .887**;
therefore, the research has a high positive correlation. This result
provides sufficient certainty to accept the research hypothesis. The
positive sign of the correlation indicates that the improvement of the
feedback dimension brings as a consequence an improvement in brand
positioning. Likewise, Mena (2019) deduces that the marketing plan
does have a positive impact within this entity, especially if it manages
to position itself in social networks where it can reach many people
from different places, and with which it can provide feedback and
relate in the best way.
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However, it is not being related to the thesis of Buenaño and Duarez
(2019) which concludes that the level of positioning of this
establishment is 39% is efficient medium. From the global position
level of the tumor clinic in relation to its dimensions, it is found that
63% of the people who make use of its services, think that this place
stands out positively among all the competition, since it does not
correlate in any way between feedback and brand positioning. And, it
also correlates with the data from Núñez and Miranda (2020) mention
that after capturing the consumer's attention and getting them to stay
on the company's website, what follows is to create a strengthened and
beneficial link between the feedback dimension and brand positioning.
This point can also be referred to as feedback because it is based on the
existing connection between the company and the user.
Also, the correlation analysis shows that the loyalty dimension is
significantly related (Sig.<0.05) with brand positioning, since it has a
significance level of 0.000; and with respect to the correlation
coefficient it has ,852**; therefore, the research has a high positive
correlation. This result provides sufficient certainty to accept the
research hypothesis. The positive sign of the correlation indicates that
the improvement of the loyalty dimension brings as a consequence an
improvement in brand positioning. Thus, these results are in
agreement with Miranda (2020) affirms that the degree of the digital
marketing instruments variable is regular-low, because the average
value of the surveys carried out is equal to 1.87 on a scale of 1 to 3, 83%
of responses are at a regular level; being the dimension with the
highest score in customer loyalty and is related to brand positioning.
Likewise, the authors Buenaño and Duarez (2019) affirms that 64% of
the user loyalty dimension is very efficient, and is directly related to
brand positioning.
Also, the author Cardenas (2020) concluded that conducting
Webinars is very important because they provide value to the
population in terms of health. Thus, it is necessary to be active in social
networks and make at least one publication per week. Similarly, it is
required to develop advertising campaigns through digital marketing
and most people believe that it can be done through Facebook, and
with which will be able to build customer loyalty and get to fully satisfy
users of laboratories. And in the same way with the author Acevedo et
al. (2017) argue that it is based on establishing a relationship with
users, but this must be lasting and above all dynamic, in which both
parties remain in constant communication. Similarly, it is based on
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ensuring that this link remains, in other words, it seeks to ensure that
it is not just a one-time relationship.
Conclusions
A lack of optimization in the institutional results has been identified
due to the absence of a strengthening in the performance based on the
efforts made; this lack has a direct impact on the development of staff
competencies, the lack of an internal communication strategy hinders
the efficient achievement of organizational objectives. 25.21% of
respondents experienced specific process changes during the
pandemic to strengthen the telework system; this indicates an agile
response to the circumstances imposed by the health crisis, which led
to adjustments in the ways of working to maintain operational
continuity.
29.75% of respondents indicated that process changes were
implemented after the pandemic to adapt to new ways of working; this
suggests that the transformations brought about by the pandemic are
not considered only temporary, but have led to long-term
modifications in work processes. It was concluded that there is a trend
towards continuous adaptation, both during and after the pandemic,
as well as a recognition of the importance of training and skills
development to meet the changing challenges of the current work and
social environment; since 31.40% indicated that training was offered
to prepare for the new challenges of today's society, these actions are
oriented to the need to continue to promote flexibility, training and
preparation for future changes in the world of work and society in
general.
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